Technical note: GAMMORA,a free,open-source,and validated GATE-based model for Monte-Carlo simulations of the Varian TrueBeam |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France;2. Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Departement Ingenierie Physique Medicale, Toulouse, France;3. Institut Curie, Paris, France;4. Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, U1194 INSERM/ICM/Montpellier University, and Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France;1. AOU Careggi, Medical Physics Unit, Florence, Italy;2. University of Florence-Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Florence, Italy;3. AOU Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Florence, Italy;4. Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Radiation Oncology Unit, Florence, Italy;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China;2. School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China;3. Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;4. School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;5. Department of Radiation Therapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China;6. Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;7. Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;8. Department of Radiation Therapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China;9. Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi''an, China;10. Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of People''s Liberation Army, Beijing, China;11. Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China;12. Medical Physics Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States;13. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China;14. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.;1. Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße15, 81377 Munich, Germany;3. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany;1. Division of Medical Physics, Department of Information Technology and Medical Engineering, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;2. Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;4. Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan;5. Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-nishi Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan;1. Department of Medical Physics, Clinique Mutualiste de l’Estuaire, Cité Sanitaire, Saint-Nazaire, France;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinique Mutualiste de l’Estuaire, Cité Sanitaire, Saint-Nazaire, France;1. School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia;2. Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia |
| |
| Abstract: | PurposeMonte Carlo (MC) is the reference computation method for medical physics. In radiotherapy, MC computations are necessary for some issues (such as assessing figures of merit, double checks, and dose conversions). A tool based on GATE is proposed to easily create full MC simulations of the Varian TrueBeam STx.MethodsGAMMORA is a package that contains photon phase spaces as a pre-trained generative adversarial network (GAN) and the TrueBeam’s full geometry. It allows users to easily create MC simulations for simple or complex radiotherapy plans such as VMAT. To validate the model, the characteristics of generated photons are first compared to those provided by Varian (IAEA format). Simulated data are also compared to measurements in water and heterogeneous media. Simulations of 8 SBRT plans are compared to measurements (in a phantom). Two examples of applications (a second check and interplay effect assessment) are presented.ResultsThe simulated photons generated by the GAN have the same characteristics (energy, position, and direction) as the IAEA data. Computed dose distributions of simple cases (in water) and complex plans delivered in a phantom are compared to measurements, and the Gamma index (3%/3mm) was always superior to 98%. The feasibility of both clinical applications is shown.ConclusionsThis model is now shared as a free and open-source tool that generates radiotherapy MC simulations. It has been validated and used for five years. Several applications can be envisaged for research and clinical purposes. |
| |
| Keywords: | TrueBeam Monte-Carlo Radiotherapy GATE Geant4 Interplay effect Output correction factor |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
