Research agenda on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services in European cities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;2. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;3. Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;4. ISEG – Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal;5. Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland;6. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia;7. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;8. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France;9. Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;10. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia;11. Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, France;1. Institute of Environmental Planning, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany;2. Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, L7 3-5, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;1. cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c-FCUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal;1. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;2. Department of Ecology & Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies "Ramon Margalef”, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain;3. Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;4. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany;5. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Cities are challenging environments for human life, because of multiple environmental issues driven by urbanization. These can sometimes be mitigated through ecosystem services provided by different functions supported by biodiversity. However, biodiversity in cities is affected by numerous factors, namely habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, as well as pollution, altered climate, and new biotic challenges. To better understand the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, we need to improve our mechanistic knowledge of these relationships. Trait-based ecology is a promising approach for unravelling the causes and consequences of biodiversity filtering on ecosystem processes and underlying services, but large gaps remain unexplored.Here, we present a series of research directions that are aimed at extending the current knowledge of the relationship between trait-based biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services in cities. These directions are based on: (1) improving urban habitat mapping; (2) considering often neglected urban habitats and ecological niches; (3) integrating multiple urban gradients; (4) using trait-based approaches to improve our mechanistic understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services; and (5) extending the involvement of citizens.Pursuing these research directions may support the sustainable management of urban ecosystems and the long-term provision of ecosystem services, ultimately enhancing the well-being of urban populations. |
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