The phylogeographic puzzle of Pseudoacanthocephalus toshimai,an amphibian acanthocephalan in northern Japan |
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Institution: | 1. Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Distrito Federal;2. Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Güemes 1030, 8520, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina;3. Universidad de la Sierra Sur, División de Estudios de Postgrado, Guillermo Rojas Mijangos S/N, C. P. 70800, Ciudad Universitaria, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, Mexico;1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7–9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia;2. Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia |
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Abstract: | The amphibian acanthocephalan, Pseudoacanthocephalus toshimai, was considered to be an island-endemic species in Hokkaido, Japan. However, the parasite was found from Rana ornativentris, Rana tagoi, Zhangixalus arboreus, and Bufo japonicus formosus in northern Honshu (Aomori and Iwate Prefectures), which is separated from Hokkaido by the Tsugaru Strait. The mitochondrial DNA-based phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of P. toshimai showed that the northern Honshu isolates are far distantly related to the Hokkaido isolates, and that a demographic population expansion occurred in Hokkaido during the recent geological past. The rich genetic diversity of P. toshimai in northern Honshu suggests a scenario that anuran hosts invaded Hokkaido together with P. toshimai via the land bridge of the Tsugaru Strait. However, the evolutionary history of Rana pirica, a main definitive host for P. toshimai in Hokkaido, is contradictory to the introduction scenario inferred from the parasite. The finding of several geographically mismatched isolates of P. toshimai from both northern Honshu and Hokkaido suggests a possibility that the migration of the parasite infrequently occurred between the two areas even after the land bridge disappeared. More detailed information on the evolutionary history of anurans is needed to resolve the biogeographical enigma of P. toshimai. |
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