辽西半干旱区小麦、玉米水肥耦合效应研究

采用312-D最优饱和设计和二次通用旋转组合设计,通过8年连续试验,对辽西半干旱区影响农业生产的水、肥因素的耦合作用进行了田间试验.讨论分析了N、P、水及其耦合作用对作物产量的影响.施N、施P、灌水和覆盖秸秆的合理匹配能够明显提高作物产量,否则,不仅增加成本,而且由于加重作物的水分或养分胁迫,造成减产.根据试验结果进行了生产要素的产量效益分析,提出了该地区小麦、玉米生产的水肥最佳经济配比:小麦为生育期供水120.2mm,N58.5kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅123.0kg·hm^-2;玉米为生育期灌水173.3mm,N256.5kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅85.5kg·hm^-2,覆秸秆8509.5kg·hm^-2.

Effect of interaction between water and fertilizer on wheat and maize semiarid region of western Liaoning

Using 312-D optimum design and quadratic general rotation design, the effect of interaction between water and fertilizer on wheat and maize yields was studied in semiarid region of western Liaoning Province. Reasonable combination of applying N and P fertilizers, irrigation, and mulching corn straws could increase crop yield remarkably, otherwise, it could not only increase cost, but also result in output reduction due to increasing crop stress to water or nutrients. Based on the results of the trials, the effects of the productive factors on crop yield were analyzed. The optimum economical combination of water and fertilizers fitting for local agriculture was put forward, i.e., water 120.2 mm, N 58.5 kg.hm-2, and P2O5 123.0 kg.hm-2 for wheat, and water 173.3 mm, N 256.5 kg.hm-2, P2O5 85.5 kg.hm-2, and straw mulching 8509.5 kg.hm-2 for maize.