Reinterpretations of clypeus and maxilla in Psocoptera, and their significance in phylogeny of Paraneoptera (Insecta: Neoptera) |
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Authors: | Kazunori Yoshizawa Toyohei Saigusa |
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Affiliation: | Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–8589 Japan;;c/o Biosystematics Laboratory, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka, 810–8560 Japan |
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Abstract: | Morphology of the head and mouthparts in Psocoptera was investigated, and revised interpretations for clypeus and maxilla were proposed. The convex plate in the frontal region of the head capsule is the postclypeus, rather than the frons; the galea is clearly differentiated from the stipes and the origin of the stipito-lacinial muscle is partly shifted from the stipes to the base of the galea; the cardo is completely fused with the stipes without any suture or sulcus. Brief discussions on the evolution of piercing and sucking mouthparts and on the phylogeny of Paraneoptera were provided, based on these revised interpretations. |
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Keywords: | Psocoptera head mouthparts piercing and sucking feeding evolution |
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