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Optogenetic Control of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway During Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development
Affiliation:1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;2. Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA;3. Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;4. Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;5. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;6. Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;1. Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan;2. Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan;3. Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan;4. College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 2-11-1 Shinei, Narashino, Chiba 275-8576, Japan;5. Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;6. Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;7. Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;8. Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;1. Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;2. Center of Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein- Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;3. Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany;1. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Apartado Postal 406, Puebla, Pue. CP 72570, México;2. Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, México;3. Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, México;4. Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González/IFC-UNAM, México City, México;5. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, IPN, México;6. Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV IPN, México
Abstract:Optogenetics uses light-inducible protein-protein interactions to precisely control the timing, localization, and intensity of signaling activity. The precise spatial and temporal resolution of this emerging technology has proven extremely attractive to the study of embryonic development, a program faithfully replicated to form the same organism from a single cell. We have previously performed a comparative study for optogenetic activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, where we found that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation-based optogenetic systems outperform the membrane-anchored dimerization systems in activating the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in live Xenopus embryos. Here, we determine if this engineering strategy can be generalized to other signaling pathways involving membrane-bound receptors. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), a membrane-bound coreceptor for the canonical Wnt pathway, triggers Wnt activity. Optogenetic activation of LRP6 leads to axis duplication in developing Xenopus embryos, indicating that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation of the membrane-bound receptor could be a generalizable strategy for the construction of optogenetic systems.
Keywords:optogenetics  Wnt signaling  axis duplication
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