The Paf1 Complex: A Keystone of Nuclear Regulation Operating at the Interface of Transcription and Chromatin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;2. Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;2. Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Versbacher Straße 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;3. Department of Structural Immunology, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;1. RNA Bioscience Initiative, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA |
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| Abstract: | The regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is closely intertwined with the regulation of chromatin structure. A host of proteins required for the disassembly, reassembly, and modification of nucleosomes interacts with Pol II to aid its movement and counteract its disruptive effects on chromatin. The highly conserved Polymerase Associated Factor 1 Complex, Paf1C, travels with Pol II and exerts control over transcription elongation and chromatin structure, while broadly impacting the transcriptome in both single cell and multicellular eukaryotes. Recent studies have yielded exciting new insights into the mechanisms by which Paf1C regulates transcription elongation, epigenetic modifications, and post-transcriptional steps in eukaryotic gene expression. Importantly, these functional studies are now supported by an extensive foundation of high-resolution structural information, providing intimate views of Paf1C and its integration into the larger Pol II elongation complex. As a global regulatory factor operating at the interface between chromatin and transcription, the impact of Paf1C is broad and its influence reverberates into other domains of nuclear regulation, including genome stability, telomere maintenance, and DNA replication. |
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| Keywords: | Paf1C RNA polymerase II transcription elongation histone modifications post-transcriptional regulation |
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