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Prevalence of Escherichia coli in surface waters of Southeast Asian cities |
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| Authors: | Kenneth Widmer Nguyen Thi Van Ha Soydoa Vinitnantharat Suthipong Sthiannopkao Setiawan Wangsaatmaja Maria Angela Novi Prasetiati Nguyen Cong Thanh Kasame Thepnoo Arief Dhany Sutadian Huynh Thi Thanh Thao Deby Fapyane Vibol San Pierangeli Vital Hor-Gil Hur |
| Institution: | 1. International Environmental Analysis and Education Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea 2. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University for Natural Resources and Environment, 236B Le Van Sy Street, Ward 1, Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3. Division of Environmental Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Road, Thungkru, Bangkok, Thailand 4. Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Republic of Korea 5. West Java Environmental Protection Agency, Indonesia, Jl, Naripan No. 25, Bandung, 40111, West Java, Indonesia 6. International Center for Education Development T.H.T, 15 Thien Y St., Ward 4, Dalat City, Vietnam 7. Department of Drainage and Sewerage, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, 123 Mitmaitri Road, Dindaeng District, Bangkok, Thailand 8. Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 9. Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Federation Boulevard, Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, 12157, Cambodia 10. Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines 11. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea |
| Abstract: | Surface water samples were collected from rivers which fed into large urban areas within Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Thailand and were processed to enumerate Escherichia coli. Selected isolates were further characterized using PCR to detect the presence of specific virulence genes. Analyzing the four countries together, the approximate mean cfu/100 ml for E. coli counts in the dry season were log 4.3, while counts in the wet season were log 2.8. Of the 564 E. coli isolates screened for the presence of pathogenic genes, 3.9 % possessed at least one virulence gene. The most common pathogenic types found were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolates. These results reinforce the importance of monitoring urban surface waters for fecal contamination, that E. coli in these water environments may serve as opportunistic pathogens, and may help in determining the impact water usage from these rivers have on the public health of urban populations in Southeast Asia. |
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