磷酸酶在病原菌侵染寄主中的作用

磷酸酶不仅在生物体正常细胞进程中具有重要作用,而且在病原菌与寄主相互作用中也起着至关重要的作用。目前,国内外在革兰氏阴性病原菌通过其Ⅲ型分泌系统(Type III secretion system,TTSS)分泌磷酸酶到寄主细胞以调控寄主免疫和扩大病原性方面研究较多,而在病原真菌逃避寄主免疫方面则报道很少。本课题组研究发现昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌分泌的一种胞外酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶在体外能特异地使蝗虫体液免疫信号转导物质去磷酸化,暗示可能影响蝗虫的免疫防御。以下着重从磷酸酶的分类及其在病原菌侵染寄主中的作用研究等方面进行综述,以期为进一步研究磷酸酶的作用提供参考。

Roles of phosphatases in pathogen infection: a review

Phosphatases play a key role not only in cell physiological functions of an organism, but also in host-pathogen interactions. Many studies demonstrated that some Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria could evade host immunity and promote pathogenicity by injecting phosphatases into host cells through type III secretion system. However, there were few reports about pathogenic fungi evading the immunity of hosts. Our researches indicated that the entomogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae could dephosphorylate the signal transduction substance of locust humoral immunity specifically in vitro by secreting extracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, which implied that the fungus might interfere with the immune defense of locust. To provide reference for further studies of the functions of phosphatases, we reviewed the types of phosphatases and their roles in pathogen infection.