不同杂种优势类群玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生特性的研究

以Reid、唐四平头和其它种质等3个杂种优势类群共19份玉米自交系为试验材料，以玉米幼胚作为外植体，研究了基因型、培养基和激素对玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的影响，结果表明供试材料均能进行愈伤组织的诱导，但是仅有12个自交系能再生植株。N6和改良N6培养基有助于提高愈伤组织的质量及其生长速度，2，4-D在愈伤组织的诱导中起着关键性作用。在诱导培养基中添加0.2mg／L的6-BA或KT会使胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率下降以及降低愈伤组织的质量。在胚状体诱导培养基中添加1mg／L的KT能促进绿苗的分化，但是浓度过高会使丛生苗分化过多。此外，通过对不同杂种优势类群自交系玉米幼胚培养特性的分析，发现在唐四平头类群的4个自交系中，黄早四的绿苗分化率仅为0.5％，其它3个自交系不能再生植株。但是，从Reid和其它种质类群的供试自交系中筛选出了胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率和绿苗分化率均较高的、适合于遗传转化的受体材料，如3189／4380、4380／陕综5、8103、先早17、18-599红、18-599白、501、178和冀53。

Characterization of callus induction and plant regeneration in immature embryo culture among several heterotic groups of elite maize inbreds

19 maize inbreds belonging to 3 maize heterotic groups including Reid,Tangsipingtou and compound germplasm were studied to determine the influence of genotypes,media and plant regulators on the embryo-derived callus induction and green plant regeneration.Immature embryos (1.0~2.0 mm) from selfed ears were harvested as explants.Callus could be induced from all the tested inbreds.However,plant regeneration was only obtained in 12 genotypes.N6 and modified N6 medium were proved better than other media tested for callus quality and growth.2,4-D played an important role in callus induction.0.2 mg/L 6-BA or KT added in induction media lowered callus quality and induction rate of embryonic callus.However,1 mg/L KT added in the medium of embryoid induction increased plant regeneration and also increased regeneration of multiple plantlets from a single embryo.Among 19 maize genotypes studied,4 elite inbreds belonging to group Tangsipingtou showed poor regeneration of plants.However,elite inbred 3189/4380,4380/Shanzong 5,8103,Xianzao 17,18-599 hong,18-599 bai,501,178 and Ji 53 belonging to group Reid or compound germplasm were identified with higher performance both in induction of embryonic callus and plant regeneration.