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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the amphibian neurotoxin, anntoxin |
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| Authors: | Wei Lin Dong Li Zhao Tongyan You Dewen Liu Rui Liu Huan Yang Hailong Lai Ren |
| Affiliation: | a Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China b Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China c Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China d Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China |
| Abstract: | Anntoxin is the first gene-encoded neurotoxin identified from amphibians, which is a 60-residue neurotoxin peptide, acting as an inhibitor of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Sodium channels have been considered as therapeutic targets for pain. Several animal models of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain (tail-flick test, hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking, carrageenan-induced paw edema) were used to test analgesic functions of recombinant anntoxin (r-anntoxin). In all these animal models, r-anntoxin showed strong analgesic functions. R-anntoxin obviously inhibited secretions of both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Histopathological study indicated that r-anntoxin reduced the edematous epidermis induced by carrageenan. All these results indicate that r-anntoxin has strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. |
| Keywords: | Amphibian Skin Neurotoxin Analgesic Anti-inflammation |
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