广西少数民族成年女性体成分的差异及年龄变化规律

本文分析了在广西调研的860例(毛南族200例、仫佬族200例、苗族244例、瑶族216例)少数民族女性的体成分数据,结果发现:1)不同民族的体成分比较,脂肪量苗族最高,仫佬族最低,肌肉量毛南族最高,苗族最低,组间差异多数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)广西毛南族、仫佬族、苗族和瑶族成年女性的身体质量指数(I_(bm))、腰臀比(R_(wh))及体脂肪率(P_(bf))差异明显,根据I_(bm)、R_(wh)或P_(bf)评价的肥胖人数比率最高的均为苗族,且与其它民族的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3)广西毛南族、仫佬族、苗族和瑶族女性的脂肪量均随年龄的增长先升高,一般至50-54岁达高峰再稍下降,而去脂体重随年龄的增长逐渐波动降低;四民族女性的肌肉量总体随年龄的增长呈波动下降的趋势,毛南族最为明显;四民族各年龄段之间的体成分比较,组间差异绝大多数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。综上所述,体成分存在民族差异,苗族女性的体成分状况最不健康,表现为脂肪含量过高而肌肉量和骨量偏低;随年龄的增长,本研究四个少数民族的体成分均可能呈现少肌性肥胖和骨质疏松的危险倾向。

Change pattern with age and body composition among adult women of Guangxi minorities

This study analysed the body composition data of 860 female participants of Guangxi minorities including 200 Maonan, 200 Mulam, 244 Hmong and 216 Yao. In comparing body compositions of these four minorities, we found that Hmong had the highest fat mass while Mulam had the lowest; and that Maonan had the highest muscle mass while Hmong had the least, all indicative of statistical significant differences between groups (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in body mass index (Ibm ) and body fat percentage (Pbf ), as well as waist-hip radio(Rwh) among the four groups. Hmong women had the highest percentage of obesity according to BMI or BF% or WHR, with statistically significant differences between the Hmong and other minorities (P<0.05). Fat mass of women in these four groups increased with age, normally reaching a peak by ages 50-54, after which fat mass decreased. Fat-free mass decreased gradually with age. Comparing with the other minorities, the muscle mass of the Maonan decreased with age, and there were statistical differences in body composition between different age groups (P<0.05). Clearly, we have shown that there are ethnic differences in body composition, with Hmong women considered the most unhealthy with excessive fat mass, and lower muscle and bone mass. Our study indicates that all women in the four minority groups may be more prone to sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis with age.