吉林白城双塔新石器时代遗址的动物遗存及其环境

本文对中国东北地区目前所知较早的双塔新石器时代遗址的动物遗存及其生存环境进行了研究,探讨了古代人类的生存模式。本项研究的主要材料基于2007年双塔遗址一期地层及遗迹单位出土的三万多件以脊椎动物为主的动物遗存,并结合孢粉分析的研究成果。研究工作主要采用比较解剖学、动物地理学、动物生态学,以及文化历史考古学的分析方法。约一万年前双塔遗址周围处于干旱的沉积环境,气候较冷,双塔一期早中段,植被覆盖率较高,呈现出草甸为主的植被景观,还曾有林地和一定规模的河湖;然而,晚段的植被覆盖率降低,环境变为半荒漠;人们采用的是以蒙古兔、环颈雉等小型动物为主要狩猎对象,兼营渔捞的广谱型肉食资源获取的经济形态;结合对遗址出土的石制工具组合分析,推断当时人们采用的是以渔猎采集经济为主的广谱型生业模式,一定程度上显示出可持续性发展的生存对策。

The animal remains and its environment of Neolithic Shuangta sitein Baicheng of Jilin

Mainly based on the research method of zooarchaeology, the authors carried out the research on the survival strategies of ancient people living in Shuangta site which is known to be rather early Neolithic site in Northeast China till now. The research shows that the sedimentary condition was dry, the climate was relatively cold about 10,000 BP; according to the results of spore-pollen analysis, during early and middle stages of the first period of Shuangta Culture the vegetation coverage was higher, meadow dominated landscape with higher loading capacity of ecosystem comparing the periods before and after, however in the late stage of the culture the vegetation coverage reduced, the environment changed to semi-desert. Overall, the habitants of the first period of Shuangta Culture took small mammals, fish and mollusks as their main resource of protein. Combining the analysis of the assemblage of stone tools unearthed from the site, we can give the conclusion that the people in the first period of Shuangta Culture selected a sustainable survival strategy of broad-spectrum adaptation mainly with fishing-hunting and collecting economy.