Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Disease in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia: Insights from Ecohealth |
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Authors: | Delia Grace Jeffrey Gilbert M Lucila Lapar Fred Unger Sonia F??vre Hung Nguyen-Viet Esther Schelling |
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Institution: | (1) International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 30709, Nairobi, Kenya;(2) Veterinarians Without Borders/V?t?rinaires Aans Fronti?res—Canada, Singapore, Singapore;(3) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;(4) Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Eawag/Sandec (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), D?bendorf, Switzerland;(5) Department of Environmental Health, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam |
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Abstract: | Most emerging diseases of humans originate in animals, and zoonotic emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) threaten human, animal,
and environment health. We report on a scoping study to assess actors, linkages, priorities, and needs related to management
of these diseases from the perspective of key stakeholders in three countries in Southeast Asia. A comprehensive interview
guide was developed and in-depth interviews completed with 21 key stakeholders in Vietnam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic,
and Cambodia. We found numerous relevant actors with a predominance of public sector and medical disciplines. More capacity
weaknesses than strengths were reported, with risk analysis and research skills most lacking. Social network analysis of information
flows showed policy-makers were regarded as mainly information recipients, research institutes as more information providers,
and universities as both. Veterinary and livestock disciplines emerged as an important “boundary-spanning” organization with
linkages to both human health and rural development. Avian influenza was regarded as the most important zoonotic EID, perhaps
reflecting the priority-setting influence of actors outside the region. Stakeholders reported a high awareness of the ecological
and socioeconomic drivers of disease emergence and a demand for disease prioritization, epidemiological skills, and economic
and qualitative studies. Evaluated from an ecohealth perspective, human health is weakly integrated with socioeconomics, linkages
to policy are stronger than to communities, participation occurs mainly at lower levels, and equity considerations are not
fully considered. However, stakeholders have awareness of ecological and social determinants of health, and a basis exists
on which transdisciplinarity, equity, and participation can be strengthened. |
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