基于生态脆弱性与发展潜力的矿区搬迁村庄识别

矿区村庄搬迁成为煤炭产业发展极为重要的一环，弄清“谁要搬、搬去哪”,对煤矿区的产业发展和生态建设工作尤为重要。选取位于鲁西基地巨野矿区的山东省郓城县作为研究区域，从生态状况和发展状况两角度，基于VSD模型选取表现矿区特点的12个指标构建矿区生态脆弱性评价体系，并以建设水平、经济发展水平和人居环境为准则层选取13个指标构成村庄发展潜力评价体系，结合两者构建矿区搬迁村庄识别体系。结果标明：平原矿区的生态脆弱性受塌陷及煤炭资源储量分类的影响较大，村庄发展潜力整体受交通以及与镇区、中心城区辐射的影响较大；矿区290个村庄划分为优先搬迁、暂缓搬迁、原址保留及安置点选区4个等级，每级分别有72、80、91和47个村庄，占比24.82%、27.59%、31.38%和16.21%。该体系能较细致地识别村庄间差别，为郓城县矿区村庄合理搬迁安置提供借鉴，并具有较好的适用性，为平原煤矿区村庄的搬迁理论发展提供科学有效的参考。

Identification of relocated villages based on ecological vulnerability and development potential

The relocation of mining villages has become a very important part of the development of coal industry. Therefore, it will provide practical help for the industrial development and ecological construction of the coal mining area to find out a series of problems such as who wants to move, where to move and establish a set of scientific and efficient theoretical system of mining area relocation. In this paper, after a multi-faceted research, Yuncheng, located in Juye mining area base, is selected as the research area. Based on the VSD (Vulnerability Scoping Diagram) model, 12 indicators representing the characteristics of the mining area are selected to construct the ecological vulnerability evaluation system of the mining area and 13 indicators are selected to construct the village development potential evaluation system with the construction level, economic development level and living environment as the criterion layer. Combined with the two Index systems, the identification system of the relocated villages in the mining area is constructed. By analyzing and translating the image satellite data of Landsat TM in 2018, and standardizing the data related to coal, population, infrastructure, etc., importing it into ArcGIS software, the villages in the study area are divided into four levels according to the equal spacing method:priority relocation, suspension relocation, original site reservation, and resettlement area selection. The results show that 290 villages in the mining area can be divided into four levels, with different proportions. The specific situations are as follows:ecological vulnerability of plain mining areas is greatly affected by subsidence and the classification of coal resource reserves, and the overall development potential of villages is greatly affected by traffic and radiation from towns and central urban areas. There are 72, 80, 91 and 47 villages in each level, accounting for 24.82%, 27.59%, 31.38% and 16.21%. The system can identify the differences between villages in more detail, provide a reference for the reasonable relocation and resettlement of villages in the mining area of Yuncheng County, and has good applicability, and provides a scientific and effective reference for the development of the relocation theory of villages in the plain coal area.