光和噪声污染胁迫下城市生态斑块鸟类风险评价

为应对城市生态斑块光污染、噪声污染范围快速扩张和强度增加对鸟类带来的生态风险，探讨了将微观鸟类风险阈值与宏观光污染、噪声污染分布数据结合进行生态风险评价的全链条研究方法，具体包括：探究微观层面光、声污染胁迫下鸟类生态风险阈值，分别获得光污染对黄雀和栗鹀寤寐节律及声污染对画眉鸟退避行为的生态风险阈值，并提出由实验室环境中获得的鸟类光污染强度风险阈值推算室外夜间混合光环境中鸟类光污染强度风险阈值的方法；同时获取宏观光、声环境分布数据，其中光环境分布数据基于Luojia 1-01和Jilin 1-7B夜光遥感影像获得，声环境分布数据通过软件模拟、实测校核、ArcGIS属性赋予等系列操作获得；结合微观鸟类风险阈值和宏观光、声环境分布数据开展生态风险评价，以典型城市生态斑块为实例分析光污染和噪声污染胁迫下鸟类生态风险分布特征；搭建生态风险评价平台并进行鸟类生态风险可视化展现。该生态风险评价方法可为城市宏观区域光、声污染生态风险的快速评价提供科学规范的研究和技术范例。

Bird risk assessment in urban ecological patch under light pollution and noise pollution stress

In order to deal with the risks of birds caused by the rapid expansion and increase of light pollution and noise pollution in urban ecological patches, this paper discusses a whole chain research method, in which the ecological risk thresholds of light or noise to birds at the micro-level and the distribution of light or noise pollution at the macro-level are combined to realize ecological risk assessment. Following the method, the paper firstly explored the risk thresholds of light or noise pollution to birds. Specifically, it obtained the light risk thresholds to Eurasian Siskin and Chestnut Bunting as well as the noise risk threshold to Thrush, in which process it provided a technique for transforming the risk thresholds of light intensity drawn from laboratory studies to those in outdoor light environment with compound spectral compositions. Then we obtained macroscopic nighttime artificial light and sound field distribution data, in which light distribution data were obtained through Luojia 1-01 and Jilin 1-7B nighttime remote sensing images, while sound field distribution data were acquired through software simulation, field measurement and calibration, ArcGIS attribute assignment, etc. Later we conducted ecological risk assessment by integrating microscopic risk thresholds of light and noise to birds with macroscopic light and sound field distribution data. In particular, it took a typical urban ecological patch as a case study and analyzed the distribution characters of risks caused by local light and noise pollution. Finally, it established an ecological risk assessment platform and presented light and noise risks to birds with visualizations. The method of ecological risk assessment proposed in this paper can provide scientific and normative demonstration for research and techniques that support rapid assessment of ecological risks by light and noise pollution in large-scale urban areas.