Effects of Inoculum Level and Time of Microcoleus vaginatus on Control of Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato |
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| Institution: | 1. Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;2. Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Ospedale di Circolo & Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy;3. Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS “C. Mondino” Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy;4. Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, United Kingdom;5. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom;6. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL and Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom;p. Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;q. Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Chatenay-Malabry, France;r. Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;s. Réanimation CH Versailles, Le Chesnay, France;t. Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CH Versailles, Le Chesnay, France;u. Service d''hématologie clinique, CH Versailles, Le Chesnay, France;v. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants-malades, Paris, France;w. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;x. Service de Maladies Infectieuses/Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France;y. Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants-malades, Paris, France;z. Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France;11. Service Gériatrie à René-Muret-Bigottini, Sevran, France;12. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;13. Service de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Caen, Caen, France;14. Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, CHU Caen, Caen, France;15. Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Caen, Caen, France;16. Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU Caen, Caen, France;17. Service d''Hématologie Clinique, CHU Caen, Caen, France;18. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France;19. Service de Médecine, Interne, Maladies Infectieuses et Immunologie Clinique, CHU Reims, Reims, France;110. Service d’Hématologie, CHU Reims, Reims, France;111. Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, CHU Reims, Reims, France;112. Service de Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation, CHU Reims, Reims, France;113. Pneumologie GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;114. Médecine Interne, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;115. Réanimation, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;1p. Service d’Orthopédie GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;1q. Service de Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation gérontologique, Fondation Hospitalière Sainte Marie, Paris, France;1r. Service de Microbiologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France;1s. Réanimation, CHU Angers, Angers, France;1t. Service d’Hématologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France;1u. Service d’Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France;1v. Service de Médecine interne et polyvalente, Hôpital Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France;1w. Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France;1x. Service d''Orthopédie, Hôpital Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France;1. Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;2. Institut Micalis, UMR1319, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Chatenay-Malabry, France;3. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants-malades, Paris, France;4. Service de Bactériologie et Hygiène, APHP Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France;5. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France;6. Service de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France;7. Clinique de Champigny, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Champigny Sur Marne, France;9. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France;10. Laboratoire Microbiologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France;11. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France;12. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France;13. Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France;14. Unité de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, CHU Angers, Angers, France;15. Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France;1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China;2. Zhongji Ecological Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China;1. School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand;2. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7001, New Zealand;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;1. School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, United States;2. College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China;1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China;2. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Application of Microcoleus vaginatus, a blue-green alga (Cyanobacterium) at different levels along with Meloidogyne incognita, second stage larvae, in the rhizosphere of tomato plants; showed that the plant growth as well as yield of tomato were increased and gall formations and nematode populations decreased with the increase in inoculum level of M. vaginatus. An inoculum level of 20 ml endospores suspension of M. vaginatus (2.4 × 106 endospores per ml) per plant was optimum to reduce nematode attack with a population density of 1000 larvae per kg soil. Plant growth and yield of fruits were greatly suppressed and gall formations on roots, and nematode populations in soil were increased when M. incognita larvae added five days prior to M. vaginatus inoculation. On the other hand, when M. vaginatus inoculated ten days before nematode inoculation, suppressive effect of M. incognta on plants was reduced and their population density as well as gall formations were also decreased significantly. The efficacy of simultaneous inoculation of both nematode and M. vaginatus was lied in between two treatments discussed above. |
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