四川梅花鹿的昼夜活动节律与时间分配

1987 年2 月至2000 年9 月, 用直接观察法在四川省铁布自然保护区中先后对287 只四川梅花鹿的昼夜活动节律和时间分配进行了2 934 h 的观察。四川梅花鹿的昼夜活动具有明显的活动与休息相间出现的节律, 晨昏和午夜是其活动的高峰期, 白昼活动强度较低以休息反刍为主。不同季节其昼夜活动节律有较大的变化。春、夏、秋、冬4 季每天单位时间的平均活动频率分别为: 55.29 ±32.97 %、46.42 ±37.24 %、48.21 ±35.80 %、47.75±32.21 % , 季节差异不明显( F = 0.32 < F_o.o1 ) 。昼夜年平均每天约有52.07 %的时间在活动, 其中白昼活动仅占5.28 % , 而晨昏和夜晚的活动占46.79 %。影响时间分配比例的因素为: 鹿的年龄、性别、繁殖状态、食物资源、天气状况、人为干扰等。

Daily Activity Rhythm and Time Budget of Sichuan Sika Deers

Daily activity rhythm and time budget of 287 Sichuan sika deers ( Cervus nippon sichuanicus) were studied by direct observations for 2 934 h at the Tiebu Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, from February 1987 to September 2000. Three activities peaks were apparently in their daily activity rhythm: first peak at 18 : 30 - 20 : 00 , second at 01 : 00 - 02 : 00 , and third at 06 : 00 - 09 : 001 At the same time , three activities troughs were also observed : first at 23 : 00 - 00 : 00 , second at 04 : 00 , and third at 10 : 00 - 15 :00. There were bigger changes of daily active rhythm of Sichuan sika deer at different seasons1 Daily activity frequency ( hour mean) in spring, summer , autumn and winter were 55.29 ±32.97 % , 46.42 ±37.24 % , 48.21 ±35.80 % , 47.75 ±32.21 % ,respectively. They were similar at different seasons ( F = 0.32 < F_0.01 ) . Their annual mean of daily activities of feeding , drinking, moving , and others was 52.07 % with only 5.28 % during day-time mainly for resting and ruminating , and 46.79 % during night-time and dawn. Age , sex , breeding conditions , food resources , climatic factors , and human's interference could affect their time budget of activities.