地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练对2型糖尿病患者脂糖代谢水平、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者脂糖代谢水平、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响。方法：选择2021年6月～2022年12月我院110例T2DM患者为研究对象，随机数字表法随机分组，各55例。对照组给予常规健康教育及饮食、运动干预，观察组给予地中海饮食干预及有氧运动训练。比较两组干预前后脂糖代谢指标空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）]、肠道菌群、生活质量变化及并发症发生率。结果：干预后观察组HDL-C水平高于对照组，FPG、2hPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预后观察组大肠埃希菌、肠球菌水平较对照组低，双歧杆菌水平较对照组高（P＜0.05）；干预后观察组治疗、心理精神、生理功能、社会关系评分较对照组高（P＜0.05）；两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：地中海饮食干预联合有氧运动训练能有效纠正T2DM患者肠道菌群紊乱状态，改善脂糖代谢，减少并发症发生，提高生活质量。

Effect of Mediterranean Diet intervention Combined with Aerobic Exercise Training on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Intestinal Flora and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of Mediterranean diet intervention combined with aerobic exercise training on lipid and glucose metabolism, intestinal flora and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 110 patients with T2DM in our hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups by random number table method, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was given routine health education, diet and exercise intervention, the observation group was given Mediterranean diet intervention and aerobic exercise training. The indexes of lipid and glucose metabolism fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], intestinal flora, changes in quality of life and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, the level of HDL-C in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the levels of FPG, 2hPG, TC, TG and LDL-C were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the levels of Bifidobacterium were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).After intervention, the scores of treatment, psychological spirit, physiological function and social relations in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Mediterranean diet intervention combined with aerobic exercise training can effectively correct the disorder of intestinal flora in patients with T2DM, improve lipid and glucose metabolism, reduce complications and improve the quality of life.