细菌形成“生物被膜”还是“生物膜”?

“Biofilm”是指黏附于非生物或生物表面后，细菌通过分泌的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)将自身包裹其中而形成的细菌聚集体膜状物。“Biofilm”的形成主要包括黏附、定殖、发育、成熟与主动消散5个阶段。“Biofilm”是具有复杂结构与多重功能的“动态细菌组织”，因此在相对稳定微环境中的细菌具有更强的抗逆性，从而导致病原菌更难去除，而益生菌则更易在宿主体内存活与定殖。目前，对于“biofilm”的中文翻译存在“生物被膜”和“生物膜”两种名词混用的现象，少有文献对此深入讨论，并明确指出哪种翻译更为准确。基于此，本文对“biofilm”的形成过程、生理功能和使用现状进行了分析与讨论，并认为“biofilm”翻译为“生物被膜”更为严谨、准确。

Appropriate Chinese translation of “biofilm”

“Biofilm” refers to an aggregated bacterial film in which bacterial cells wrap themselves by secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after attaching to abiotic or biotic surfaces. The formation of a biofilm includes five stages:attachment, colonization, development, maturation, and active dispersal. A biofilm is a dynamic bacterial community with a complex structure and multiple functions, so the bacteria in a relatively stable microenvironment have stronger resistance to stress, which makes pathogens more difficult to be eliminated and promotes the survival and colonization of probiotics in the host. At present, there is confusion in the Chinese translation of "biofilm", and no clear conclusion as to which usage is more appropriate. In view of this problem, this paper analyzed the formation process, physiological functions, and current usage of "biofilm", and finally determined the most appropriate Chinese translation of this word.