植物种质资源引进风险分析方法概述

种质资源作为生物资源的重要组成部分，是培育作物优质、高产、抗病（虫）、抗逆新品种的物质基础。近年来，为满足我国种业飞速发展的需要，我国不断从国外引入大量的种质资源，种质资源相比其他植物产品携带有害生物的风险更高。种质资源引进过程中不可避免地携带有害生物，可能会带来严重危害。目前，美国、澳大利亚等国家已制定了关于种质资源的风险分析方法，但我国缺少针对种质资源有害生物统一的风险分析方法。本文分析了国际植物检疫措施标准、主要的贸易国家及我国有害生物风险分析标准方法的主要内容，针对引进种质资源过程中亟需解决的有害生物风险分析问题开展讨论，并对种质资源有害生物风险分析系统其未来展开工作提出以下建议：设置符合种质资源风险分析特性的指标；采用半定量风险评估方法对种质资源进行风险分析；根据不断的学习和实际工作的需要，对风险评估指标体系进行验证和适当修改。

Overview of risk analysis methods for the introduction of plant germplasm resources

As an important part of biological resources, germplasm resources are the material basis for breeding new varieties of crops with high quality, high yield, disease resistance (insect), and stress resistance. In recent years, to meet the needs of the rapid development of the national seed industry, China has consistently introduced a large number of germplasm resources from abroad. The germplasm resources present a higher risk than other plant products, which is inevitably carried out during the introduction process. The introduction of pests will cause serious harm to China. At present, the United States of America, Australia, and other countries have developed risk analysis methods for germplasm resources, but China lacks a unified risk analysis method for germplasm pests. In this review, the main contents of international plant quarantine standards, major trading countries, and Chinese pest risk analysis standard methods are described. Given the urgent pest risk analysis problems in the process of introducing germplasm resources, some suggestions are put forward for future work relating to the development of a germplasm pest risk analysis system: to establish indexes in line with the characteristics of the risk analysis of germplasm resources, a semi-quantitative risk assessment method should be adopted. With further research, the risk assessment index system can be verified and modified appropriately.