Whole-genome resequencing reveals selection signatures associated with milk production traits in African Kenana dairy zebu cattle

Milk production and composition are the most economically important traits affecting profitability in dairy cattle. In this study, we aimed at detecting signatures of positive selection in Kenana, known as one of the high milk production African indigenous zebu cattle, using next-generation sequencing data. To detect genomic signatures of positive selection, we applied three methods based on population comparison, fixation index (F_ST), cross population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) and nucleotide diversity (Pi). Further analysis showed that several candidate genes such as CSN3, IGFBP-2, RORA, ABCG2, B4GALT1 and GHR are positively selected for milk production traits in Kenana cattle. The candidate genes and enriched pathways identified in this study may provide a basis for future genome-wide association studies and investigations into genomic targets of selection in dairy cattle.