国内外城市生物多样性评价与提升研究综述

城市生物多样性水平是反映人与自然和谐共处水平的重要指标，对促进城市可持续发展有着重要意义。城市及其基础设施的扩张改变了土地原有的生态系统、水文状况和地表结构，不断加快的城市化进程对生物多样性造成了严重影响，城市生物多样性保护已成为当下城市生态建设中重要且紧迫的工作。与传统的生物多样性研究不同，城市生物多样性保护工作以保护生物多样性为前提，争取科学利用生物多样性为城市带来更广泛的经济效益和社会效益。当前城市生物多样性研究成果丰富且涉及层面多元，但仍面临缺乏系统性、整体性评价框架以及跨界、多尺度管理等关键问题。故对国内外城市生物多样性的状况评价、效益评价和提升路径三方面的相关研究进行综述，总结当前城市生物多样性评价的标准与方法，并从城市生物多样性保护面对的主要挑战出发，梳理介绍国际合作、国家政策、城市规划、专项保护以及基于自然的解决方案等角度的城市生物多样性提升路径。讨论了城市生物多样性的关注点与未来研究方向，并对城市生物多样性保护提出政策建议，为各地编制生物多样性保护规划和开展城市生物多样性保护工作提供借鉴，以期促进城市生物多样性保护和人与自然的协调发展。

Review on evaluation and enhancement of urban biodiversity

The level of urban biodiversity is an important indicator reflecting the level of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and is of great significance for promoting sustainable urban development. The expansion of cities and their infrastructures has changed the original ecosystem, hydrological condition and surface structure of the land. The accelerating urbanization process has caused serious impacts on biodiversity, and urban biodiversity conservation has become an important and urgent task in urban ecological construction nowadays. Unlike traditional biodiversity research, urban biodiversity conservation is based on the premise of biodiversity conservation, and seeks to use biodiversity scientifically to bring wider economic and social benefits to cities. The current urban biodiversity research results are abundant and multifaceted, but still face key problems such as lack of systematic and holistic evaluation framework and transboundary and multi-scale management. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on urban biodiversity at home and abroad, summarizes the current criteria and methods of urban biodiversity evaluation, and introduces the urban biodiversity enhancement from the perspectives of international cooperation, national policies, urban planning, special conservation, and nature-based solutions from the main challenges of urban biodiversity conservation. The article discusses the pathways of urban biodiversity enhancement from the perspectives of international cooperation, national policies, urban planning, special conservation and nature-based solutions. Finally, the article discusses the concerns and future research directions of urban biodiversity, and proposes policy recommendations for urban biodiversity conservation to provide reference for the preparation of biodiversity conservation plans and urban biodiversity conservation work in different regions, with the aim of promoting urban biodiversity conservation and the harmonious development of human and nature.