乡村振兴视角下农户生态系统服务依赖度及多层次影响因素

厘清乡村振兴视角下农户生态系统服务依赖度及其多层次影响因素对落实乡村振兴措施、改善农户福祉具有一定实践意义。以生态脆弱区陕西省米脂县为例,基于价值法评估农户生态系统服务依赖度,同时分析乡村振兴视角下服务依赖度的村庄差异和农户差异,最后利用多层次模型揭示服务依赖度的影响因素。结果如下：(1)农户的服务依赖度均值为0.673;农户主要依赖供给服务,对调节和文化服务依赖较低;供给服务中主要依赖作物收益,对水果和牲畜依赖度较低。(2)示范村农户的服务依赖度高于非示范村,且各类服务依赖度存在较强村庄异质性。“作物+牲畜+调节服务”“作物+水果+调节服务”与“作物+调节服务”类型农户占比约80%,依赖度分别为0.690、0.835、0.410;服务类型多样化指数为2.882,且示范村多样化指数高于非示范村。(3)环境变量中,土壤保持能力较高的村庄,农户对作物与牲畜的依赖度越高;政府资金投入较多的村庄,农户对水果和文化服务的依赖度越高;海拔与水果依赖度呈现显著正相关,人口密度与调节服务呈显著负相关。

Farmers' dependence on ecosystem services and it's multi-level influencing factors from the perspective of rural revitalization

It is of practical significance to clarify farmers'' ecosystem service dependence and its multi-level influencing factors from the perspective of rural revitalization for local rural revitalization practices and farmers'' well-being improvement. Taking Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province in the ecologically fragile area as study region, the farmers'' ecosystem service dependence was evaluated based on the value method. At the same time, the differences between villages and between the farmers in the index of dependence on ecosystem services were analyzed from the perspective of rural revitalization, and finally the multi-level model was used to reveal the influencing factors of the farmers'' index of dependence on ecosystem services. The results were as follows: (1) the average value of the farmers'' index of dependence on ecosystem services was 0.673. The local farmers mainly relied on the benefits of provisioning services, and were less dependent on regulating services and cultural services. The local farmers mainly depended on the benefits of crops in provisioning services, and their dependence on fruits and livestock was relatively low. (2) The farmers in rural revitalization demonstration villages were more dependent on ecosystem services than those in non-demonstration villages, and there was strong village heterogeneity in the various ecosystem services dependence. The proportion of farmers in the ecosystem service combination types of "crops plus livestock plus regulating services", "crops plus fruits plus regulating services", and "crops plus regulating services" accounting for about 80% of total farmers, and the indexes of dependence on ecosystem services were 0.690, 0.835, 0.410, respectively. The diversity index of farmers was 2.882, and the diversity indexes of farmers in demonstration villages were higher than that in non-demonstration villages. The more diverse the ecosystem service types of the farmers, the higher the farmers'' index of dependence on ecosystem services. (3) Individual variables such as age, proportion of patients, per capita annual income, and per capita arable land affected the index of dependence on ecosystem services. Among the environmental variables, villages with higher soil conservation ability had higher dependence on crops and livestock; villages with more government funds had higher dependence on fruits and cultural services. At the same time, altitude was significantly positively correlated with fruit dependence, and population density was significantly negatively correlated with regulation services.