不同倍性小麦对盐胁迫的适应性差异

植物染料在工业化应用过程中存在着资源限制，目标色相不丰富、色牢度不理想、植物染料本身的鉴别和成品的鉴别等问题。为了丰富染料植物资源的来源和提高染料植物资源的利用效率，该研究对西双版纳傣族利用的染料植物及其染色工艺涉及的相关植物进行了系统调查。2014年10月到2016年1月，采用半结构式访谈法对西双版纳14个村寨的56个关键信息人进行访谈，收集信息包括使用着色植物、媒染植物和助染植物的种类、傣名、利用部位和资源来历，以及预处理和染色过程工艺条件与技术步骤；采用参与式观察法对4种色相的10个染色工艺过程进行了记录，采集了凭证标本和图像资料；对调查信息进行了整理编目。结果表明：西双版纳地区的傣族使用11种着色植物和17种助染植物；目标色相有红、黄、蓝和绿。分析了傣族染料植物资源的发掘潜力、傣族利用植物染色对于染料植物利用的应用启发。该研究详细深入地记录了西双版纳傣族使用的染料植物的种类及其相关的组合和染色的过程。该研究结果对民族民间染料植物与染色工艺的产业化应用具有重要借鉴意义，为染料植物资源筛选及其染色工艺条件优化提供了参考。

Different adaptations to salt stress in different ploidies of wheat

In order to investigate different adaptions to salt stress in different ploidies of wheat, K⁺ and Na⁺ content, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, the activity of SOD, CAT, POD and the contents of MDA, soluble protein, and soluble sugar were analyzed in synthetic hexaploid(AABBDD)wheat and its tetraploid(AABB)wheat(Triticum turgidum)and diploid(DD)(Aegilops tauschii)parents after treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl. The results showed that tetraploid wheat had the highest concentration of Na⁺ , the lowest concentration of K⁺ and a low K⁺ /Na⁺, diploid wheat had the highest concentration of K⁺ , the lowest concentration of Na⁺ and high K⁺ /Na⁺. The change of K⁺ and Na⁺ in diploid wheat was more obvious than that in tetraploid and hexaploid synthetic wheat under salinity stress. The hexaploid synthetic wheat showed a relative advantage of accumulating K⁺ compared with tetraploid wheat. Low concentration of NaCl(50 and 100 mmol·L^-1)stress stimulated the accumulation of MDA and increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in three ploidies of materials. The tetraploid wheat showed a significant superiority to accumulate osmotic adjustment substances and kept higher activity of antioxidant enzymes than diploid and hexaploid materials. Meanwhile, hexaploid synthetic wheat displayed a strong ability of accumulating soluble protein and proline as well as enhancing POD activity. Our results suggested that the diploid containing DD genome may mainly adapt to salt stress by regulating K⁺ /Na⁺ ratio while the tetraploid containing AABB genome may mainly adapt to salt stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and accumulating more osmotic adjustment substances. The hexaploid synthetic wheat containing AABBDD exhibited the comprehensive adaptation mechanisms to salt stress, may express a broader adaptation ability to salt stress compared with the tetraploid and diploid parents.