低温驯化对布氏田鼠小肠黏膜结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响

环境温度的变化影响野生啮齿动物的消化道形态与功能。小肠是吸收营养成分的主要部位，其结构和功能具有可塑性。为了解小肠黏膜的结构和功能对环境温度变化的响应机制，以布氏田鼠为研究对象，比较了低温组和常温组动物小肠黏膜的组织结构和小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数目。结果显示：（1）低温组布氏田鼠的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度及绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值均高于对照组;（2）低温驯化使布氏田鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞的数量增加;（3）低温驯化使布氏田鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的杯状细胞数量均显著增加。结果表明，在低温环境下布氏田鼠的小肠黏膜结构和免疫细胞的数量发生了可塑性变化，这可能与低温环境下的高能量需求和免疫功能的变化有关。

Effects of cold acclimation on the structure of small intestinal mucosa and mucosal immunity-associated cells in Lasiopodomys brandtii

Changes in environmental temperature affect the morphology and function of digestive tract in wild rodents. The small intestine is the main absorptive organ for nutrients, and its structure and function are plastic. To understand the response mechanisms of the structure and function of small intestinal mucosa to environmental temperature, we investigated the effects of cold acclimation on small intestinal mucosal structure and mucosal immunity-associated cells in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). We found that: 1) The villus length and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth (V/C) in the cold group were higher than that in the control group. 2) Cold acclimation increased the number of endothelial lymphocytes in the small intestine. 3) Cold acclimation significantly increased the number of goblet cells in the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. These results indicate that  the structure of small intestinal mucosa and the number and distribution of immune cells may undergo plastic changes in cold environments. These changes may be related to high energy demand and changes of immune function .