Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in Sweden |
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Authors: | Dan Berggren Kleja Magnus Svensson Hooshang Majdi Per-Erik Jansson Ola Langvall Bo Bergkvist Maj-Britt Johansson Per Weslien Laimi Truus Anders Lindroth Göran I. Ågren |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 7014, SE, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 2. Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 3. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 4. Asa Experimental Forest and Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lammhult, Sweden 5. Department of Ecology, University of Lund, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden 6. Department of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 7. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, G?teborg University, Goteborg, Sweden 8. Institute of Ecology, Tallin University, Tallin, Estonia 9. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract: | This paper presents an integrated analysis of organic carbon (C) pools in soils and vegetation, within-ecosystem fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in three 40-year old Norway spruce stands along a north-south climatic gradient in Sweden, measured 2001–2004. A process-orientated ecosystem model (CoupModel), previously parameterised on a regional dataset, was used for the analysis. Pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree growth rates were highest at the southernmost site (1.6 and 2.0-fold, respectively). Tree litter production (litterfall and root litter) was also highest in the south, with about half coming from fine roots (<1 mm) at all sites. However, when the litter input from the forest floor vegetation was included, the difference in total litter input rate between the sites almost disappeared (190–233 g C m−2 year−1). We propose that a higher N deposition and N availability in the south result in a slower turnover of soil organic matter than in the north. This effect seems to overshadow the effect of temperature. At the southern site, 19% of the total litter input to the O horizon was leached to the mineral soil as dissolved organic carbon, while at the two northern sites the corresponding figure was approx. 9%. The CoupModel accurately described general C cycling behaviour in these ecosystems, reproducing the differences between north and south. The simulated changes in SOC pools during the measurement period were small, ranging from −8 g C m−2 year−1 in the north to +9 g C m−2 year−1 in the south. In contrast, NEE and tree growth measurements at the northernmost site suggest that the soil lost about 90 g C m−2 year−1. An erratum to this article can be found at |
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Keywords: | Soil carbon Boreal ecosystems Climatic gradient CoupModel Root litter Dissolved organic carbon |
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