长白山国家自然保护区及其周边地区生态脆弱性评估

在全球变化与人类活动的双重冲击下,探究自然保护区及其周边区域的生态脆弱状况对于保证区域的生态安全和人类自身的可持续发展至关重要.以长白山国家自然保护区及其周边30 km缓冲区为研究区域,结合“敏感度-恢复力-压力度”概念模型和空间主成分分析法评估保护区内外2005和2015年的生态脆弱状况并分析其背后的主要驱动因子.结果表明:2005和2015年,保护区内外的生态脆弱性等级均以潜在脆弱、微度脆弱和轻度脆弱为主,该区域的生态脆弱状况总体处于较好水平;2005—2015年间,保护区内外整体的生态脆弱性呈现略微上升趋势,区内、外发生退化的区域面积分别为254和967 km²,区内、外对该趋势的贡献占比分别为30.8%和69.2%;区内生态脆弱性在空间格局上的变化主要与净初级生产力(NPP)、植被覆盖度和距离道路最近距离的变化有关,而在区外,主要与NPP、植被覆盖度、国内生产总值(GDP)密度的变化有关.

Ecological vulnerability assessment on Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas,Northeast China.

Exploring the ecological vulnerability of nature reserve and its surrounding area is essential to the maintenance of regional ecological security and sustainability of human development, especially under the stress of global change and human activities. Based on the integration of "sensitivity-resilience-pressure" conceptual model and spatial principal component analysis (SPCA), we analyzed the ecological vulnerability of Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve and its surrounding 30 km buffer in 2005 and 2015. The main driving factors were further analyzed. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was mainly potential, slight, and light levels in 2005 and 2015, indicating the ecological vulnerability inside and outside the reserve was in a good condition. For the whole region, the ecological vulnerability showed a slight downward trend from 2005 to 2015. The degradation area inside and outside the reserve were 254 and 967 km², respectively, with the contribution rate to the increase of overall vulnerability being 30.8% and 69.2%, respectively. The changes in ecological vulnerability inside the reserve were mainly related to the changes in net primary production (NPP), vegetation coverage, and the nearest distance to the road, whereas it was mainly related to the changes in NPP, vegetation coverage and gross domestic product (GDP) density outside the reserve.