长白山生态功能区气候变化特征

为探究长白山生态功能区气候变化特征,本研究利用区域内及周边36个气象站数据与CN05.1格点数据集,采用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendall突变检验、累积距平法、Morlet小波分析等方法研究1961—2016年长白山生态功能区内温度(平均气温、四季气温、极端气温)、水分(年降水量、四季降水量、降水日数、相对湿度)、光照(日照时数与日照百分率)和风速因子的时空变化规律.结果表明: 1961—2016年,长白山生态功能区气温升高、日照减少、风速减弱、降水量周期振荡变化.其中,冬季气温0.45 ℃·(10 a)^-1]与最低温度0.74 ℃·(10 a)^-1]大幅上升.年平均风速显著降低-0.21 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1]但并未发生气候突变.年降水日数大幅降低-7.01 d·(10 a)^-1],使其与东北地区气候变化特点有所不同.虽然功能区内年降水量倾向率为16.06 mm·(10 a)^-1,但不能以简单的趋势增加或减少来描述降水量变化特征,功能区内降水量变化以26年长周期叠加3年的短周期为主.研究结果对区域生态评估、生态系统响应气候变化、物候变化等研究具有指示意义.

Characteristics of climate change in Changbai Mountain ecological functional area,Northeast China.

We integrated the meteorological records from 36 national weather stations and CN05.1 gridded daily observation dataset to analyze the climate change characteristics of Changbai Mountain eco-functional area. Linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall mutation test, cumulative anomaly method and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of temperature (annual temperature, seasonal temperature, extreme temperature), moisture (annual precipitation, seasonal precipitation, relative humidity), radiation (sunshine duration, sunshine percentage) and wind speed from 1961 to 2016. The results showed that, during 1961-2016, the temperature of this area increased, the radiation and wind speed decreased, and the precipitation varied periodically. Specifically, winter temperature 0.45 ℃·(10 a)^-1] and the lowest temperature 0.74 ℃·(10 a)^-1] significantly increased. The mean annual wind speed significantly decreased -0.21 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1]. No abrupt climate change was observed. The annual precipitation days decreased considerably -7.01 d·(10 a)^-1], which was different from the climate change pattern of Northeast China. The annual precipitation trend coefficient of this area was 16.06 mm·(10 a)^-1 , which could not be simply depicted by increase or decrease in trend. The precipitation change in this area was dominated by periodically patterns, and the period was 26 years and 3 years. Our results would be instructive to the regional ecological assessment, and the research on ecosystem responses to climate change and phenological changes.