秦岭东部羚牛越冬栖息地及其特征

1998 年1～4 月, 对牛背梁自然保护区内秦岭羚牛冬季栖息地做了调查研究。结果表明: 该区内共有5 块羚牛冬季栖息地, 呈斑块状分布, 总面积2 305 hm² , 占保护区总面积的14.04 %。羚牛对冬季栖息地选择的关键因子为地形(向阳、背风、相对比较平坦的亚高山台地) 、食物(大宗食物华桔竹和喜食食物杜鹃、腺柳等) 、水源(充足) 、隐蔽而相对较暖的环境(成熟针叶林和针阔混交林) , 以及便于逃避天敌的生境(密生华桔竹林) 。冷杉、华山松等的芽苞和树皮是羚牛冬季必需的食物。冷杉林是该处羚牛分布高度的标志植物和防御风雪寒冷的栖息场所。人类对原生森林植被的破坏, 限制了羚牛的分布及活动范围, 210 国道是保护区内东西两部分羚牛族群间相互扩散的主要障碍。因此促进森林植被的恢复和建立210 国道便于扩散的走廊, 是实现保护区内(尤其是东部地区) 羚牛能够长期生存繁衍十分重要的管理对策。

The Winter Habitat and Its Characteristics of Golden Takin in the East Part of Qinling Mountains

The winter habitat of Golden Takin ( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve which locates in the east part of Qinling Mountaints were surveyed fromJan. to Apr. , 19981 Five habitat patches were identified , the total area of the winter habitat was 2 305 ha , it occupied 14.04 % of the whole reserve. The main characteristics for Golden takins to select their winter habitat were topography (with a sunny exposure , against the wind , and subalpine terrace of relatively smooth terrain) ,food resource and quality , water (sufficiency) , cover for escaping natural enemy and comparatively warmth environment provided by coniferous forest and mixed coniferous and broadleaf deciduous forest , and escape natural enemy habitat of Fargesia spathacea. The twig , leaf and skin of Abies sp. , Pinus armandii were the major winter food taken by Takins in the study area. The fargess fir (Abies sp.) was the indicator tree species for the distribution of Takins. The forest of fargess fir covers Takins from cold wind , snowing during winter. The Takins have been restricted within the habitat patches because of the habitat fragment resulted from logging. The National 210 highway is the major obstacles for takins traveling from east to west within the reserve. Habitat restoration and building corridor over the 210 highway will be the very important management strategies for the conservation of Golden takins in the east part of Qinling Mountains.