开垦对克氏针茅草地生态系统碳通量的影响

 植被–大气间CO₂净交换及其对环境变化的响应是目前全球变化研究的热点问题。该研究通过同化箱式法, 在内蒙古农牧交错带对比研究生长季草地生态系统和耕种多年的小麦田生态系统碳通量的变化, 以探讨该地区碳通量的变化规律及影响碳通量主要因子, 并揭示农田开垦对草原碳通量的影响。结果显示: 两个生态系统的群落净气体交换(Net ecosystem exchange, NEE)有明显的季节变化。整个测定期间, 草地生态系统的净气体交换NEE的最高值为–11.26 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1, 平均群落净气体交换为–5.33 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1; 小麦田群落NEE最大值为–12.29 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1, 平均群落净气体交换为–7.66 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1。分析发现, 叶面积指数LAI是影响该地区生态系统NEE的主要因子, 相对贫瘠的土壤也是限制该地区生态系统碳固定的一个重要因子。因小麦的生长特性, 在生长中后期, 小麦田生态系统NEE随LAI的变化没有草地生态系统的敏感。此外, 较低的土壤含水量限制了小麦田群落呼吸, 使得小麦田群落呼吸对温度的敏感性降低。

EFFECTS ON CARBON FLUX OF CONVERSION OF GRASSLAND STEPPE TO CROPLAND IN CHINA

Aims In light of increasing interest in understanding carbon fluxes of terrestrial ecosystems under changing climate and escalating human influences, our study examined the dependence of carbon fluxes on abiotic and biotic factors and explored the effects of conversion of grassland to cropland on eco-system C fluxes. Methods Our study was carried out in Duolun (42o02′ N, 116o17′ E; 1 350 m asl), a semiarid agriculture-pasture transition region in southeastern Inner Mongolia, China. We used the chamber method during the growing season. Important findings There was no difference in net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) between wheat field and steppe at the beginning of the growing season. NEE of wheat field became higher than that of steppe in late June. No differences were found between the two ecosystems from mid-July to August 1st. NEE of wheat field became significantly lower than that of steppe starting in mid-August. During the growing season, the maximum of NEE in steppe was –11.26 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1, while that in wheat field was –12.29 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1. Mean NEE in steppe (–5.33 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1) was a little lower than that in wheat field (–7.66 µmol CO₂•m^–2•s^–1). Leaf area index (LAI) was the main factor controlling NEE of the two ecosystems. Poor soil nutrient levels also might limit NEE in these ecosystems. Because of characteristics of wheat, the sensitivity of NEE response to LAI was lower in wheat field than steppe in the middle and late growing season. Lower soil volume water content (10 cm depth) in wheat field limited total ecosystem respiration (TER) and decreased the sensitivity of TER to temperature.