Occurrence of carpophores of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected stands ofPinus sylvestris in the Netherlands in relation to stand vitality and air pollution |
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Authors: | A J Termorshuizen A P Schaffers |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, Binnenhaven 9, 6709 PD, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2. Biological Station, Dept. of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Agricultural University, Kampsweg 27, 9418 PD, W?ster, The Netherlands
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Abstract: | The relation between the occurrence of carpophores of mycorrhizal fungi, tree vitality, and air pollution in ‘young’ (5–10
years) and ‘old’ (50–80 years) stands ofPinus sylvestris L. was investigated. In the Netherlands 21 homogeneous plots of 1000 m2 were selected on dry, sandy soils. Tree vitality was assessed in the summer of 1985 and during the autumn the plots were
searched for carpophores of mycorrhizal fungi. In the young plots 3 times more species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and 20 times
more carpophores per plot were found than in the old plots. In the old plots, the number of carpophores and the number of
species showed significant positive correlations with the average number of needleyears of the trees. The number of carpophores
and the number of species were significantly negative correlated with the concentrations of SO2 and O3 in the air and the amount of NH3 emission. The number of needleyears, the crown density and the overall tree vitality were found to be significantly negative
correlated with the amount of NH3 emission, and the number of needleyears also with the concentration of O3 in the air. Such correlations were not found for the young plots. No differences were found in soil chemical properties between
the plots. Evidence was obtained that the fructification of mycorrhizal fungi of old stands ofPinus sylvestris is influenced by air pollution either directly, or indirectly by way of tree vitality. It is hypothesized that the young
plots offer more advantageous circumstances for fructification of the fungi because of the disturbance of the upper soil-layer
at the time of planting. |
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Keywords: | air pollution carpophores ectomycorrhiza Pinus sylvestris tree vitality |
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