Endocrine disruptors and female fertility: Focus on (bovine) ovarian follicular physiology |
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| Institution: | 1. Gamete Research Center, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;3. Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt;2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt;3. Animal Health Research Institute, Assuit, Egypt;4. Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt;5. Department of Animal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt;1. Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;2. StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;3. CIMAGT Centro de Investigaciones para el Mejoramiento Animal de la Ganaderia Tropical, Loma de Tierra, Cotorro, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba;1. Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Apolinarska 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic;1. Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;3. StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;1. Slovak Medical University Bratislava, Department of Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic;2. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic;3. Hameln rds a.s., Department of Toxicology, Modra, Slovak Republic;4. Qi Technologies s.r.l., Pomezia, Italy;5. Institute of Polymers, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic;7. Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic;6. Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic;1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-223 Gdańsk, Poland;3. Outpatient Gynecological Practice, Parkowa 6, 81-549 Gdynia, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Throughout the previous century, the production, use and, as a result, presence of chemicals in the environment increased enormously. Consequently, humans and animals are exposed to a wide variety of chemical substances of which some possess the ability to disrupt the endocrine system in the body, thereby denominated as “endocrine disrupting chemicals” (EDCs) or “endocrine disruptors”. Because the reproductive system is a target organ for endocrine disruption, EDCs are postulated as one of the possible causes of human subfertility. Within the reproductive system, the ovarian follicle can be considered as an extremely fragile microenvironment where interactions between the oocyte and its surrounding somatic cells are essential to generate a fully competent oocyte. In this review, we explore how EDCs can interfere with the well-balanced conditions in the ovarian follicle. In addition, we highlight the bovine ovarian follicle as an alternative in vitro model for EDC and broader toxicology research. |
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