Bioavailability and extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil by Atriplex halimus |
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| Institution: | 1. Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France;2. Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, UP-EGEAL 2012.10.101, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, Beauvais Cedex, France;3. Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France;4. Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia;5. Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France;6. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa ON K1A 0C6, Canada;1. University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516- Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;2. University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany;3. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Physics, Lysimeter Station Falkenberg, Dorfstr. 55, 39615 Falkenberg, Germany;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People''s Republic of China;2. Yueyang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Yueyang 414000, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of plants of Atriplex halimus grown in contaminated mine soils and to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the metal bioavailability and uptake of these metals by plants. Soil samples collected from abandoned mine sites north of Madrid (Spain) were mixed with 0, 30 and 60 Mg ha?1 of two organic amendments, with different pH and nutrients content: pine-bark compost and horse- and sheep-manure compost. The increasing soil organic matter content and pH by the application of manure amendment reduced metal bioavailability in soil stabilising them. The proportion of Cu in the most bioavailable fractions (sum of the water-soluble, exchangeable, acid-soluble and Fe–Mn oxides fractions) decreased with the addition of 60 Mg ha?1 of manure from 62% to 52% in one of the soils studied and from 50% to 30% in the other. This amendment also reduced Zn proportion in water-soluble and exchangeable fractions from 17% to 13% in one of the soils. Manure decreased metal concentrations in shoots of A. halimus, from 97 to 35 mg kg?1 of Cu, from 211 to 98 mg kg?1 of Zn and from 1.4 to 0.6 mg kg?1 of Cd. In these treatments there was a higher plant growth due to the lower metal toxicity and the improvement of nutrients content in soil. This higher growth resulted in a higher total metal accumulation in plant biomass and therefore in a greater amount of metals removed from soil, so manure could be useful for phytoextraction purposes. This amendment increased metal accumulation in shoots from 37 to 138 mg pot?1 of Cu, from 299 to 445 mg pot?1 of Zn and from 1.8 to 3.7 mg pot?1 of Cd. Pine bark amendment did not significantly alter metal availability and its uptake by plants. Plants of A. halimus managed to reduce total Zn concentration in one of the soils from 146 to 130 mg kg?1, but its phytoextraction capacity was insufficient to remediate contaminated soils in the short-to-medium term. However, A. halimus could be, in combination with manure amendment, appropriate for the phytostabilization of metals in mine soils. |
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