毒死蜱和阿维菌素对塔六点蓟马功能反应的影响

室内采用叶碟饲养的方法，以山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher卵为猎物研究了苹果园常用药剂毒死蜱和阿维菌素对塔六点蓟马Scolothrips takahashii Prisener功能反应的影响。结果表明：毒死蜱和阿维菌素对塔六点蓟马的功能反应均有明显的影响。在推荐剂量下阿维菌素可显著降低雌雄两性蓟马的瞬时攻击率，处置时间则分别比对照增加213.36%和19.74%，且雌性的功能反应由HollingⅡ型改变为HollingⅢ型；在半推荐剂量下两性蓟马的瞬时攻击率与对照差异不明显，而雌性蓟马的处置时间则比对照增加133.72%。毒死蜱处理则不影响塔六点蓟马的功能反应类型，在推荐剂量和半推荐剂量下均可使雌雄两性蓟马的瞬时攻击率显著降低，雌性蓟马的处置时间比对照分别增加85.62％和71.97%，而雄性蓟马在两个剂量下则分别增加55.92％和38.20%，与对照的差异均达显著水平。

Influence of chlorpyrifos and abamectin on the functional response of Scolothrips takahashii Prisener to hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher

Leaf disc bioassay was employed in the laboratory to investigate the effects of selected pesticides, including abamectin and chlorpyrifos, on the functional response of an acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips takahashii Prisener to a damaging spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis Zacher eggs under the conditions of 25℃±1℃, RH 60%±10%, and a photoperiod of 16L∶8D. Two doses, viz. the labeled dose and half of the labeled dose, of the selected pesticides were tested. Logistic regression was used to determine the type of functional response and to compare predation performance at various prey densities; parameters of random predator equation for both exposed and unexposed predators were estimated and then compared with an equation with indicator variables. The results showed that the two insecticides exerted profound influence on the functional response of the acarophagous thrips. Exposed to labeled dose of abamectin, both males and females thrips exhibited significant lower attack rates, markedly extended handling time was also recorded, and functional response for females in the labeled dose exposure was confirmed to be Holling-Ⅲ type, rather than Holling-Ⅱ type in the control. An exposure of half labeled dose of abamectin had no obvious influence on the attack rates of both sexes of the predator, but handling time in females prolonged significantly. Exposures of the two doses of chloryprifos resulted in attack rates reduced notably in both male and female thrips, with the handling time extended by 85.62% and 71.97% in the female and 55.92% and 38.20% in the male respectively, and functional responses for both males and females were proved to be Holling-Ⅱ type, same as those in the control.