乙型肝炎病毒DNA疫苗的研究进展

预防与控制乙型肝炎发病的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗，是有重大的社会和经济意义。HBV的持续感染可引起慢性肝脏疾患，并逐步发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。目前的乙肝重组亚单位疫苗可以使90％的接种产生保护性抗体；但是对慢性HBV携带，由于其机体对HBsAg蛋白产生耐受，不能产生体液和细胞免疫，因此它只能作为一种预防性的疫苗。DNA疫苗(基因疫苗)是一种新的疫苗技术，通过向体内递送编码抗原的细菌质粒，刺激产生特异的体液和细胞免疫反应。在小鼠和其他的肝炎病毒感染动物模型中，HBV DNA疫苗可以特异性地引起体液和细胞免疫，清除HBV转基因动物血循环中的HBsAg颗粒和HBV DNA。如果加入各种免疫调节细胞因子的基因，可以进一步提高HBV DNA疫苗的免疫效果，因此它不仅可作为预防性疫苗，也可作为治疗型疫苗。

Progress in DNA vaccine of hepatitis B virus

Persistent hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection represent major causes of chronic liver disease with a high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although there are effective prophylactic vaccines already avail-able for HBV,there is currently no effective treatment for chronic HBV infection.DNA-based or genetic vaccination is an efficient new technique to stimulate specific immune responses after in vivo delivery of bacterial plasmids encoding anti-gens.In mice and in various other animal models for HBV infection,DNA vaccines specific for HBV antigen induce a strong humoral and cell -mediated immunity that confers protection in some models.Combined use of cytokines or chemokines,which will enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccine.This review focuses on the recent advances in DNA vac-cine of hepatitis virus.