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A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids |
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| Authors: | Emadeldeen Ismail Jochen Blom Alain Bultreys Milan Ivanović Aleksa Obradović Joop van Doorn Maria Bergsma-Vlami Martine Maes Anne Willems Brion Duffy Virginia O. Stockwell Theo H. M. Smits Joanna Puławska |
| Affiliation: | 1. Research Institute of Horticulture, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland 2. Genetics Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Sohag, Sohag, Egypt 3. Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4. Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium 5. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 6. Enza Zaden Seed Operations BV, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands 7. National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, The Netherlands 8. Unit Plant Sciences-Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research-ILVO, Merelbeke, Belgium 9. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 10. Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, W?denswil, Switzerland 11. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA |
| Abstract: | Recent genome analysis of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease on Rosaceae, has shown that the chromosome is highly conserved among strains and that plasmids are the principal source of genomic diversity. A new circular plasmid, pEA68, was found in E. amylovora strain 692 (LMG 28361), isolated in Poland from Sorbus (mountain ash) with fire blight symptoms. Annotation of the 68,763-bp IncFIIa-type plasmid revealed that it contains 79 predicted CDS, among which two operons (tra, pil) are associated with mobility. The plasmid is maintained stably in E. amylovora and does not possess genes associated with antibiotic resistance or known virulence genes. Curing E. amylovora strain 692 of pEA68 did not influence its virulence in apple shoots nor amylovoran synthesis. Of 488 strains of E. amylovora from seventeen countries, pEA68 was only found in two additional strains from Belgium. Although the spread of pEA68 is currently limited to Europe, pEA68 comprises, together with pEA72 and pEA78 both found in North America, a new plasmid family that spans two continents. |
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