Maternal and paternal contributions to egg size and egg number variation in the blackfin pearl killifish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Austrolebias nigripinnis</Emphasis> |
| |
Authors: | Mahmoud Moshgani Tom J M Van Dooren |
| |
Institution: | 1.Institute of Biology,Leiden University,Leiden,The Netherlands;2.Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture,Birjand University,Birjand,Iran;3.Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis,Leiden,The Netherlands;4.UMR7625 Ecology and Evolution, école Normale Supérieure,Paris,France |
| |
Abstract: | Reproductive effort, egg number and egg size are traditionally considered to be ‘female’ life history traits. However, females
often adjust the amount of resources allocated to reproduction depending on their mate, causing male environmental effects
on life history traits. If females respond to male traits which are genetically variable, then male environmental effects
contain indirect genetic effects. Estimates of how much of the total variation in life history traits originates from female
effects versus male environmental effects, seems mostly lacking. We have investigated variation in rates of egg production
and in egg size in the annual Argentinian blackfin pearl killifish Austrolebias nigripinnis, in a crossed design where males were exchanged repeatedly between females. Our analysis of phenotypic variance components
of reproductive effort, egg size and egg number indicates that the amount of variation contributed by male environmental effects
is equal (egg size, reproductive effort) or larger (egg number) than that between females. For egg size and number, we find
that male environmental effects consist of a male random effect representing the average response of females to male phenotype,
plus a female-male interaction term. This term can be understood as the deviation from the population mean of an individual
female’s response. For reproductive effort, we find that the male environmental effect consists of an interaction term only.
Random effects on egg size and number additionally vary in magnitude depending on the weekday where we collected eggs, probably
due to cyclic variation in experimental conditions. Since we find that both male phenotype and environmental conditions affect
egg size and number as determined by females, our results suggest that selection on these life history traits will be frequency-dependent. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|