数字PCR技术及其在检测领域的应用

随着分子生物学技术的不断发展和需求的多样化,用于核酸检测的各种PCR衍生技术应运而生。数字PCR是一种单分子水平的大规模分区扩增定量核酸检测技术。该技术以微腔室/微孔或微滴作为PCR反应器,无需校准物和绘制标准曲线即可实现对样品初始浓度的绝对定量,具有高灵敏度、高特异性和高精确度的特点。本文详细介绍了数字PCR的技术发展史、作用原理以及仪器平台类型,系统阐述了数字PCR在转基因检测、疾病诊断、环境及食品监管等方面的应用概况,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望,以期对未来数字PCR的开发利用提供参考。

Digital PCR and its application in biological detection

Various derivative technologies based on PCR for nucleic acid detection have emerged with the continuous development and the diverse needs of molecular biology technology.Digital PCR(dPCR)is a nucleic acid detection method for large scale amplification based on a single molecular template,which runs an individual PCR reaction using chambers/wells or droplets.dPCR can be used for absolute quantification for the initial concentration of samples without calibrator and drawing standard curve,showing the characteristics of high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.In this review,we introduce the history of technology development,principle,and instrument platform types of digital PCR in detail.Then,we summarize the application of this technology in GMO quantification,disease diagnosis,environment and food supervision.Finally,we describe the application prospect of dPCR,providing a reference for the development and utilization of this technology in the future.