线虫草科弯颈霉属研究进展

弯颈霉属Tolypocladium是W.Gams于1971年建立的新属,该属的特点是瓶梗基部呈球形或椭圆形膨大,瓶颈细长而弯曲,分生孢子单生或黏聚成小头状,截至目前国际真菌名录数据库中记录弯颈霉属真菌有43种。其模式种为膨大弯颈霉Tolypocladium inflatum W.Gams。弯颈霉属是一类重要虫生真菌,生态分布广,寄主种类多,弯颈霉属很多种被发现是虫草属无性型,与虫草属的关系十分密切,2014年一些国际著名真菌学家基于分子生物学的新分类系统将弯颈霉属归入到线虫草科Ophiocordicipitaceae。弯颈霉属能产生多种杀虫和抗菌的有效成分,如环孢菌素(Cyclosporin)、大团囊素(Ophiocordin,蛋白酶强抑制剂)、线肽素(efrapeptin)、四聚胺酸素(Ophiosetin)、多种杀虫剂等。文中综述了弯颈霉属真菌的分类、生活习性与生态分布等,介绍了其药理药效及有效化学成分等相关研究,并展望了弯颈霉属真菌的研究发展前景。

Research Progress of Tolypocladium in Ophiocordycipitaceae

Tolypocladium was established by W.Gams in 1971.The genus Tolypocladium is characterized by producing single or whorled phialides,which are flask-shaped with a swollen base and a narrowly tapering into a needle like and usually curved neck.The genus Tolypocladium is a very significant extomopathogenic fungi,widespread,parasite-divsersify.Some species of Tolypocladium were anamorphic of Cordyceps,the genetic relationship between Tolypocladium and Cordyceps were very close.Tolypocladium species were classified into the Ophicordycipitaceae based on molecular phylogenetic analysis.Tolypocladium species produce a wide range of insecticide and antifungal antibiotic including cyclospin,efrapeptins,ophiocordin and ophiosetin.This paper elaborates the classification,living habits and ecological distribution of Tolypocladium,and introduces its researches correlated with pharmacology,medicinal effects and chemical components,and prospects the development of Tolypocladium.