Evaluation of a rotary drum drier processing pre-dried chicken manure |
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| Institution: | 1. The Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University—Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA;3. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA;1. Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia;2. School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria;3. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU4 8JU, United Kingdom;1. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras No 3425, Ñuñoa, CA. 7800003, Santiago, Chile;2. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras No 3360, Ñuñoa, CA. 7800003, Santiago, Chile;3. Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont No 964, Independencia, CA. 8380494, Santiago, Chile;4. Departamento de Biología, Centro de Equipamiento Mayor (CEM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras No 3425, Ñuñoa, CA. 7800003, Santiago, Chile;5. Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada No 2008, CA. 8370415 Santiago, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Pre-dried manure from laying hens was processed discontinuously in a rotary drum drier. During 6 drying experiments the technical performance and the operation were investigated. Special attention was given to the environmental aspects of the drying process.The dried end-product with a 90% dry matter content qualified as a completely sanitized organic fertilizer of high value. About 10 tonnes of fresh material with 35% dry matter could be processed in one drying cycle of about 20 h, including 2 h for filling and emptying. The installation was safe and operated fully automatically. A high thermal efficiency of ca. 85% was noted.Chemical and sensory analyses were performed on the rotary drier emissions. The characteristics of the emissions met the regulations concerning the maximum allowable concentrations as stated in the West German legislation.Preliminary economic evaluations indicated that the feasibility of drying chicken manure was determined by the dry matter content of the fresh manure, the price of this manure, the utilized capacity of the drier and the price of the end-product. |
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