Effect of dithane M-45 on cellulose-decomposing fungi in Egyptian soil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur, India;2. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, Pusa, New Delhi, India;3. Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India;4. Department of Physics, IEC University, Baddi, India;5. Department of Physics, Shoolini University, Solan, India;6. Department of Applied Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India;1. Research Institute of Human Morphology Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Moscow, Russia;2. Academy of the Sciences of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Yakutsk, Russia;3. Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia;4. National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia;5. Borissiak Paleontological Institute Russian Academy of the Sciences, Moscow, Russia;1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan;3. Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, the Toyo University, Gunma, Japan;1. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | The fungicide Dithane M-45 when applied to the soil was regularly and significantly toxic to the total count of fungi at all doses used (4·48, 22·4 and 44·8 mg active ingredient per kg dry soil). The toxicity was regularly increased with dose and persisted till the end of the experiment (15 weeks). When Dithane M-45 was incorporated into the agar medium all test fungi were eliminated by the high dose (24·0 ppm). The low and medium doses were tolerated by some fungi. The decay of filter paper buried in the fungicide-treated soil was significantly reduced by the high dose after 1 and 3 weeks of incubation, while the decay of filter paper treated with this fungicide and buried in untreated soil was significantly retarded by the high dose only after all experimental periods of incubation (up to 15 weeks). The growth and sporulation of nine test fungi were eliminated by the three doses of Dithane M-45 except Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium moniliforme and Trichoderma viride which could grow restrictedly at the low dose only. Production of endo-1,4β-d-glucanase and mycelial dry weight were not significantly affected by the three doses in the case of Aspergillus niger, and by the low dose in the case of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and Myrothecium verrucaria. In the case of other test fungi and other doses, endo-1,4β-glucanase production and mecelial dry weight were significantly inhibited. |
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