Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods |
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Authors: | Marcela Maria Pereira de Lemos Pinto Neyliane Frassinetti Gonçalves Santos Ademir Amaral |
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Institution: | 1. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprote??o e Radioecologia (GERAR), Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, PE, 50740-540, Brazil
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Abstract: | Knowledge about dose levels in radiation protection is an important step for risk assessment. However, in most cases of real
or suspected accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), physical dosimetry cannot be performed for retrospective estimates.
In such situations, biological dosimetry has been proposed as an alternative for investigation. Briefly, biodosimetry can
be defined as individual dose evaluation based on biological endpoints induced by IR (so-called biomarkers). The relationship
between biological endpoints and absorbed dose is not always straightforward: nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, for example,
are the most well-known biological effects of individual irradiation, but a precise correlation between those symptoms and
absorbed dose is hardly achieved. The scoring of unstable chromosomal-type aberrations (such as dicentrics and rings) and
micronuclei in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood, up till today, has been the most extensively biodosimetry assay employed
for such purposes. Dicentric assay is the gold standard in biodosimetry, since its presence is generally considered to be
specific to radiation exposure; scoring of micronuclei (a kind of by-product of chromosomal damages) is easier and faster
than that of dicentrics for dose assessment. In this context, the aim of this work is to present an overview on biodosimetry
based on standard cytogenetic methods, highlighting its advantages and limitations as tool in monitoring of radiation workers’
doses or investigation into accidental exposures. Recent advances and perspectives are also briefly presented. |
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