Chromosome number variations in micropropagated true-to-type and off-type banana plants (Musa AAA Grande Naine cv.) |
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Authors: | J A Sandoval F X Côte J Escoute |
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Institution: | (1) Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Départment des productions fruitières et horticoles, Laboratoire de biotechnologie pour l'amélioration des plantes tropicales, CIRAD-FLHOR-BIOTROP, 2477 Avenue du Val de Montferrand, B.P. 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, Erance |
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Abstract: | Summary The objective of the present study on banana plants (Musa AAA Grande Naine cv.), obtained byin vitro shoot tip culture, was to determine whether modifications in chromosome number could account for the appearance of the off-types
with mosaiclike leaf defects or dwarf stature, the most frequent off-types observed after micropropagation. Chromosome counts
were conducted on shoot tip samples treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline, digested in pectinase and stained with Schiff's reagent.
On average, 160 counts were made for each treatment. Four types of plant material were studied: phenotypically true-to-type
plants, dwarf off types, mosaiclike off-types obtained by micropropagation, as well as true-to-type plants obtained by standard
propagation techniques of suckers with no micropropagation history. Some cells from all four types of plant material were
found to have an abnormal chromosome number (i.e., 2n = 3x = 33), characteristic of triploid banarias. The percentages of
aneuploid cells were 14%, 22%, 35%, and 5%, respectively. Descending aneuploidy was noted in micropropagated plants derived
from true-to-type and dwarf off-type suckers. The statistical analysis revealed that the two latter types of plant material
had the same percentage of aneuploid cells. Thus, the dwarfism could not be correlated with a change in the chromosome number.
Conversely, ascending aneuploidy was observed in the mosaiclike material, with 34 or 35 chromosomes in almost 28% of the cells.
This percentage was significantly higher than in true-to-type plants and highlight the genetic origin of the mosaiclike variation. |
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Keywords: | aneuploidy in vitro culture Musa somaclonal variation |
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