Molecular Evidence and the Origin and Development of the Domesticated Sunflower (Helianthus annum, Asteraceae) |
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Authors: | Loren H Rieseberg and Gerald J Seiler |
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Abstract: | The domesticated sunflower,Helianthus annuus, is an important economic crop, yet molecular data regarding its evolution are limited. Here we review morphological, geographical,
archaeological, and molecular evidence pertaining to its origin and development. New isozyme and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) evidence
is also presented.
Morphological, geographical, and archaeological evidence has led to the hypothesis that the domesticated sunflower was derived
from a wild/weedy form ofH. annuus possibly in the Midwest. Molecular evidence was concordant with this hypothesis. A high degree of enzymatic and cpDNA sequence
similarity was observed between wild and domesticatedH. annuus, and domesticatedH. annuus contained a subset of the alleles and cpDNAs found in wildH. annuus. The extensive polymorphism in the wild plants and the virtual monomorphism in cultivated lines for both isozyme and cpDNA
phenotypes further suggest a single origin of the domesticated sunflower from a very limited gene pool. In addition, Native
American varieties of the domesticated sunflower were genetically more variable than other cultivated lines, possibly indicating
that they gave rise to the other cultivated stocks. Molecular evidence did not, however, allow conclusions as to the exact
geographic origin of the domesticated sunflower. |
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