Behavioral effects of acute manganese chloride administration in chickens |
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Authors: | F K Mohammad G A-M Faris |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq |
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Abstract: | The behavioral effects of manganese chloride at 20 and 40 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc), were examined in 1-mo-old broiler chickens
using the open-field (5 min) and tonic immobility tests. In a separate experiment, chickens were subjected to a pharmacological
challenge with the anesthetic combination of xylazine-ketamine following manganese chloride pretreatment at 50 mg/kg, sc.
Manganese at 40 mg/kg significantly decreased jumping attempts of the chickens in the open-field test 30 min after the injection
when compared with the control (saline) group. Both manganese treatments significantly increased the tonic immobility response
of the chickens in a dose-dependent manner in comparison with the control group. Pretreatment with manganese chloride (50
mg/kg, sc) significantly increased the duration of sleep, decreased the latency to onset of analgesia, and increased the duration
of analgesia in chickens treated with the anesthetic xylazine-ketamine mixture when compared with the saline control group.
The respiratory rate of all anesthetized chickens significantly decreased from respective preanesthetic (time 0) values during
the 60-min observation period after injection of the anesthetic. However, 60 min after the anesthetic injection, the respiratory
rate of the manganese-treated group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The data suggest a depressant
action of acute manganese chloride treatment in chickens. |
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Keywords: | Manganese chicken behavior xylazine ketamine open field anesthesia |
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