转基因棉花中糖类和游离氨基酸含量的变化对棉蚜泌蜜量及蜜露主要成分的影响

以3个转基因棉和2个亲本对照棉花品种为研究材料，分别测定了这5种棉花植株体内主要糖分与游离氨基酸含量；同时，分别用这5个棉花品种的叶片饲养棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover并测定其蜜露分泌量及其主要营养成分。结果表明，转基因棉花“国抗22”叶片中葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的平均含量及可溶性糖总量分别比亲本对照棉“泗棉3号”减少61.76%、 89.05%、77.86%和23.61%，转基因棉花“苏抗103”和“中抗310”叶片中葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的平均含量及可溶性糖总量分别比亲本对照棉“苏棉12”下降14.15%、32.80%、92.22%、11.46% 和4 6.81%、93.19%、61.11%、43.91%，游离氨基酸总量及各种氨基酸、果糖、鼠李糖、海藻糖的含量在不同转基因棉与亲本对照棉花品种间也存在很大差异，其中一些处理间的差异达显著或极显著水平。这表明外源基因的导入已经影响到了转基因棉花品种中主要糖分与游离氨基酸的合成。棉蚜取食转基因棉花品种“国抗22”后，蜜露的日平均分泌量比取食对照品种“泗棉3号”减少40.54%，取食其他两个转基因棉花品种“苏抗103”和“中抗310”后蜜露的分泌量也比取食对照棉花品种“苏棉12”降低22.67%和30.0%，但棉蚜取食转基因棉花后蜜露中游离氨基酸的总量均高于对照棉花品种，蜜露中可溶性总糖、蔗糖和各种氨基酸含量在取食转基因棉和常规棉花品种间存在一定差异。

Effects of change in the content of sugars and free amino acids in transgenic cotton cultivars on the secretion amount and major nutritive components of honeydew of Aphis gossypii Glover

Based on three transgenic cotton cultivars“GK22”,“SK103” and “ZK310”and two non-transgenic, conventional cotton cultivars “SM3” and “SM12” as experimental materials, we analyzed the content of sugars and free amino acidsin these five cotton cultivars, and the secretion amount and the content of sugars and free amino acids of honeydew from Aphis gossypii Glover feeding on these five cotton varieties. The results showed the mean content of glucose, sucrose, maltose and all the soluble sugars decreased 61.76%， 89.05%，77.86% and 23.61%, respectively in the transgenic cotton cultivar “GK22” contrasted to the conventional cotton cultivars “SM3”, and decreased 14.15%，32.80%, 92.22%, 11.46% and 46.81%, 93.19%, 61.11%, 43.91%, respectively in the transgenic cotton cultivars “SK103”, “ZK310” contrasted to the conventional cotton cultivar “SM12”. There were also some differences between the mean content of each amino acid, fructose, rhamnose, trehalose and all the free amino acids in transgenic cottons and non transgenic cottons, with some differences significant at 0.05 or 0.01 level. The results indicated non-organic insertion genes in the transgenic cottons had some influence on the synthesis of these sugars and free amino acids. The results also showed the mean amount of honeydew secreted by A. gossypii feeding on transgenic cotton variety “GK22” reduced by 40.54% contrasted to the non-transgenic cotton varieties “SM3”, and reduced by 22.67%, 30.0% respectively feeding on “SK103”, “ZK310”contrasted to “SM12”， but the mean amount of all amino acids of honeydew from A. gossypii feeding on transgenic cottons was larger than that from the conventional cotton cultivars. And the mean amount of soluble sugar, sucrose and every amino acid of honeydew from A. gossypii were different between transgenic and non-transgenic cotton cultivars.