Development and validation of a standardized protocol to monitor human dietary exposure by metabolite fingerprinting of urine samples |
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Authors: | Favé Gaëlle Beckmann Manfred Lloyd Amanda J Zhou Shaobo Harold Graham Lin Wanchang Tailliart Kathleen Xie Long Draper John Mathers John C |
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Institution: | (1) Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK;(2) Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom;(3) Present address: Division of Science at Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom;(4) Manchester School of Biomedicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Conventional tools for measuring dietary exposure have well recognized limitations. Measurement of food-derived metabolites
in biofluids provides an alternative approach and our aim was to develop an experimental protocol which ensures that extraneous
variability does not obscure metabolic signals from ingested foods. Healthy adults consumed a standardized meal in the evening
before each test day and collected pooled overnight urine. On each test day of three different studies, urine was collected
in the fasted state and at different time points after consumption of a standardized breakfast. Metabolite fingerprinting
of samples using Flow Infusion Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate data analysis showed strong
discrimination between overnight, fasting and postprandial samples, in each study separately and when data from the three
studies were pooled. Such differences were robust and highly reproducible within individuals on separate occasions. Urine
volume was an efficient data normalization factor for metabolite fingerprinting data. Postprandial urines had a stable chemical
composition over a period of 2–4 h after eating a standardized breakfast, suggesting that there is a flexible time window
for urine collection. Fasting urine samples provided a stable baseline for universal comparisons with postprandial samples.
A dietary exposure biomarker discovery protocol was validated by demonstrating that top-ranked signals discriminating between
fasting and 2–4 h postprandial urine samples could be linked to metabolites abundant in some components of the standardized
breakfast. We conclude that the protocol developed will have value in the search for biomarker leads of dietary exposure. |
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