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Parasites of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Harmonia axyridis</Emphasis>: current research and perspectives
Authors:Danny Haelewaters  Serena Y Zhao  Susana Clusella-Trullas  Ted E Cottrell  André De Kesel  Lukáš Fiedler  Annette Herz  Helen Hesketh  Cang Hui  Regina G Kleespies  John E Losey  Ingrid A Minnaar  Katie M Murray  Oldřich Nedvěd  Walter P Pfliegler  C Lidwien Raak-van den Berg  Eric W Riddick  David I Shapiro-Ilan  Rebecca R Smyth  Tove Steenberg  Paul S van Wielink  Sandra Viglášová  Zihua Zhao  Piotr Ceryngier  Helen E Roy
Institution:1.Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,Harvard University,Cambridge,USA;2.Department of Integrative Biology,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,USA;3.Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology,Stellenbosch University,Stellenbosch,South Africa;4.Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture,Byron,USA;5.Botanic Garden Meise,Meise,Belgium;6.Gymnázium Jírovcova and University of South Bohemia,Ceske Budejovice,Czech Republic;7.Institute for Biological Control, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants,Julius Kühn-Institute,Darmstadt,Germany;8.Centre for Ecology & Hydrology,Wallingford,UK;9.Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences,Stellenbosch University, and African Institute for Mathematical Sciences,Stellenbosch,South Africa;10.Department of Entomology,Cornell University,Ithaca,USA;11.Biological and Environmental Sciences,Stirling University,Stirling,UK;12.University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology,Ceske Budejovice,Czech Republic;13.Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology,University of Debrecen, and Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA),Debrecen,Hungary;14.Laboratory of Entomology,Wageningen University,Utrecht,The Netherlands;15.Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority,Utrecht,The Netherlands;16.Agricultural Research Service, National Biological Control Laboratory,United States Department of Agriculture,Stoneville,USA;17.Department of Agroecology,University of Aarhus,Aarhus,Denmark;18.Berkel-Enschot,The Netherlands;19.Institute of Forest Ecology,Slovak Academy of Sciences,Zvolen,Slovakia;20.Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing,China;21.Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University,Warsaw,Poland
Abstract:Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been introduced widely for biological control of agricultural pests. Harmonia axyridis has established in four continents outside of its native range in Asia and it is considered an invasive alien species (IAS). Despite a large body of work on invasion ecology, establishment mechanisms of IAS and their interactions with natural enemies remain open questions. Parasites, defined as multicellular organisms that do not directly kill the host, could potentially play an important role in regulating host populations. This study presents a review of the parasites of H. axyridis, discussing their distributions and effects on host populations across the host’s native and invasive range. These parasites are: Hesperomyces virescens Thaxt. fungi, Coccipolipus hippodamiae (McDaniel and Morrill) mites, and Parasitylenchus bifurcatus Poinar and Steenberg nematodes.
Keywords:
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