Intra- and interspecific hybridization in invasive Siberian elm |
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Authors: | Heidi Hirsch Johanne Brunet Juan E Zalapa Henrik von Wehrden Matthias Hartmann Carolin Kleindienst Brandon Schlautman Evsey Kosman Karsten Wesche Daniel Renison Isabell Hensen |
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Institution: | 1.Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology,Stellenbosch University,Matieland,South Africa;2.Institute of Biology - Geobotany and Botanical Garden,Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg,Halle/Saale,Germany;3.Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit,United States Department of Agriculture,Madison,USA;4.Department of Entomology,University of Wisconsin,Madison,USA;5.Department of Horticulture,University of Wisconsin,Madison,USA;6.Institute of Ecology, Centre of Methods, Faculty of Sustainability,Leuphana University,Lueneburg,Germany;7.Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology,Vienna,Austria;8.Herbarium PRC and Department of Botany,Charles University in Prague,Prague,Czech Republic;9.Institute of Cereal Crops Improvement (ICCI), Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel;10.Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Goerlitz,Goerlitz,Germany;11.German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig,Leipzig,Germany;12.Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables – Dr. Ricardo Luti (CERNAR – FCEFyN – UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT – CONICET – UNC),Córdoba,Argentina |
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Abstract: | Hybridization creates unique allele combinations which can facilitate the evolution of invasiveness. Frequent interspecific hybridization between the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, and native elm species has been detected in the Midwestern United States, Italy and Spain. However, Ulmus pumila also occurs in the western United States and Argentina, regions where no native elm species capable of hybridizing with it occurs. We examined whether inter- or intraspecific hybridization could be detected in these regions. Nuclear markers and the program STRUCTURE helped detect interspecific hybridization and determine the population genetic structure in both the native and the two non-native ranges. Chloroplast markers identified sources of introduction into these two non-native ranges. No significant interspecific hybridization was detected between U. pumila and U. rubra in the western United States or between U. pumila and U. minor in Argentina and vice versa. However, the genetic findings supported the presence of intraspecific hybridization and high levels of genetic diversity in both non-native ranges. The evidence presented for intraspecific hybridization in the current study, combined with reports of interspecific hybridization from previous studies, identifies elm as a genus where both inter- and intraspecific hybridization may occur and help maintain high levels of genetic diversity potentially associated with invasiveness. |
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